Figure 6

Detailed kinematic analysis of hindlimb motor performance on the treadmill. (A) Representative image of the analysis and a schematic diagram of the step parameters. Collected kinematic data from each group showing the average step lengths (B), maximum step lengths (C), average step heights (D), maximum step heights (E) and step cycle areas (F). All of these data were recorded and analyzed using a robotic device (Rodent Robot 3000; Robomedica Inc.). Each kinematic analysis was performed at 70% BWS and a speed of 1 cm/s over 1 min. C represents the control group, S represents the SM-345431 group, and R represents the combined treatment group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. C-S* indicates that a statistically significant difference was observed between the control and SM-345431 groups at P < 0.05. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc analyses. Data are presented as the means ± S.E.M. (G) Representative sequential pictures of steps taken during the first 4 s of the analysis (BWS: 70%, speed: 3 cm/s). (H) Kinematic characteristics of the first step taken in each group. SM-345431 treatment enhanced motor function recovery on the treadmill, especially in terms of the step length parameters. Combined treatment further enhanced the motor function recovery, especially in terms of the step height and step cycle area parameters.