Fig. 5

TUNEL, FJB, and EB results with antagonists for P38 and Hsp27, and proposed underlying mechanisms. a TUNEL staining showing apoptotic cells in ICH, R-PIA, Hsp27 antagonist (KNK437), and P38 antagonist (SB203580) groups at 48 h after ICH onsets. Each group was subjected to ICH. Double immunofluorescence analysis was performed with TUNEL (green) and a neuronal marker (NeuN, red), and nuclei were fluorescently labeled with DAPI (blue). Arrows indicate TUNEL-positive neurons. Scale bar = 50 μm. b The percentage of TUNEL-positive neurons in each group. *p < 0.05 for the ICH + R-PIA group versus the ICH group, ^#p < 0.05 for the ICH + R-PIA group versus the ICH + R-PIA + KNK group, & p < 0.05 for the ICH + R-PIA group versus the ICH + R-PIA + SB group. c FJB staining showing FJB-positive cells in the ICH, R-PIA, Hsp27 antagonist (KNK437), and P38 antagonist (SB203580) groups at 48 h after ICH onsets. Each group was subjected to ICH. Scale bar = 50 μm. d Quantification of the FJB staining in each group. FJB-positive cells were counted per unit area. *p < 0.05 for the ICH + R-PIA group versus the ICH group, ^#p < 0.05 for the ICH + R-PIA group versus the ICH + R-PIA + KNK group, & p ˂ 0.05 for the ICH + R-PIA group versus the ICH + R-PIA + SB group. e, f EB results for sham, ICH, ICH + R-PIA, ICH + 8-PT, ICH + R-PIA + KNK, and ICH + R-PIA + SB groups. *p < 0.05 for the ICH group versus the sham group, ^#p < 0.05 for the ICH + R-PIA group versus the ICH group, ^@ p < 0.05 for the ICH + 8-PT group versus the ICH group, ^$p < 0.05 for the ICH + R-PIA + KNK group versus the ICH + R-PIA group, &p < 0.05 for the ICH + R-PIA + SB group versus the ICH + R-PIA group. G: Proposed mechanism for the role of A1AR in SBI