Fig. 1

Single-nuclei RNA-seq identifies subsets of oligodendrocytes in PD. A UMAP depicting cell subsets in the striatum from control cases and PD patients. B UMAP depicting oligodendroglial subpopulations from control cases and PD patients. Each dot represents a cell. Cells are color coded based on their cluster affiliation. C Composition of oligodendrocyte subpopulations in control and PD. D Venn diagrams displaying the number of featured genes in clusters 1–3. E Enriched GO terms for common featured genes of clusters 1 and 2. F Heatmap showing differences in clusters based on the most variable genes (FDR < 0.05) in control and PD samples. Scale: Z-score. G–J Violin plots showing expression of marker genes associated with molecular chaperoning. K Enriched GO terms among DEGs increased in cluster 1. L Enriched GO terms among DEGs decreased in cluster 1. M Enriched GO terms among DEGs increased in cluster 2. N Enriched GO terms among DEGs decreased in cluster 2. O Heatmap showing average expression of myelinating genes in clusters 1 and 2 in control and PD samples. Scale: average of each gene expression. P Immunofluorescence staining of phosphorylated synuclein (p-syn; green), PLP (blue), and GST-Pi (red) in the putamen in vehicle or α-synuclein PFF-injected mice. Scale bar: 10 µm. Q, R Quantification of mean fluorescence intensity of GST-Pi (Q) and PLP (R). Each point represents a single mouse. Data are expressed as means ± SEM. S Immunofluorescence staining of phosphorylated synuclein (p-syn; green), HSP70 (blue), and GST-Pi (red) in the putamen in vehicle or α-synuclein PFF-injected mice. Scale bar: 10 µm. T Quantification of mean fluorescence intensity of HSP70 in GST-Pi positive cells