Figure 5
Clustering of Human Post-Mortem Brains by Biomarkers Derived from Alpha-CaMKII+/- Mice. (A) We selected 10 genes (ADCY8, CCND1, LOC151835, LOC284018, NTNG1, PDYN, PIP3-E, PNCK, SPATA13 and TDO2), which were differentially expressed in the mutant hippocampus, as a set of biomarkers to characterize the mutants, and performed the statistical clustering of the expression data of these 10 genes in 166 hippocampi of human post-mortem brains. The cluster analysis classified the subjects into two clusters (Cluster A and Cluster B), and Cluster B contained significantly more schizophrenic, schizoaffective and bipolar patients than Cluster A (P = 0.0041, χ2 test). (B) We compared the gene expression profile between the schizophrenic patients in Cluster B (= schizophrenia-enriched cluster) (n = 19) and the controls with no major psychiatric diagnosis and no CNS-related illness in Cluster A (= control-enriched cluster) (n = 30), using the following criteria; (i) gene expression level was significantly different between two groups (p < 0.01, fold change > 2.0), (ii) present flags were marked in over 75% of hippocampi in at least one of the two groups, (iii) gene expression was not affected by age and gender. We found that 26 probes met these criteria and nearly half of them encoded genes which are known to be involved in neurogenesis or cell-migration/maturation.