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Figure 5 | Molecular Brain

Figure 5

From: Abnormalities in brain structure and behavior in GSK-3alpha mutant mice

Figure 5

Long-term memory function in GSK-3α KO mice. A-B. Pavlovian fear conditioning (FC). Memory consolidation was assessed with a contextual and cued fear conditioning test. KO (n = 26) and WT (n = 18) mice were places in novel environment chamber for 3 min (conditioning stimulus, CS), where they received one electrical foot shock (unconditioning stimulus, US; shock intensity = 0.5 mV, duration = 2 sec). Twenty-four hours later mice were placed in the same (context) or modified (cue) chamber, and freezing time was measured as an indicator of memory consolidation. A. Contextual FC (baseline is a % of freezing before CS-US). B. Cued FC (baseline is a % of freezing before CS). KO mice (both genders) demonstrated less freezing in A. and B., indicating impaired contextual and cued FC. *p ≤ 0.05 in KO vs WT. C. Tail flick test. The index of antinociception was detected by hot tail-flick method in WT (n = 12) and KO (n = 14) mice. Values represent the mean time for tail flicking response following direct heat stimulation. No significant differences (p.v. = n.s) were found between the groups. D. Passive avoidance. GSK-3α KO (n = 14) and WT (n = 24) mice were tested for learned fear response to the shocked chamber. Mean latency (± SEM) scores entering into the dark chamber before electric shock; and 1 and 35 days after the electric shock are shown. No significantly differences were found between KO and WT groups (p.value = n.s).

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