Figure 3

Persistent up-regulation of spine turnover in mice treated with LPS. (A) Spine turnover rates were measured as illustrated in the scheme. (B) Spine turnover rates of control and LPS-treated mice measured at two, seven, 28, and 56 days. Upward bars (black) and downward bars (red) represent the formation and elimination rate of spines, respectively. Spines formed and eliminated in control: 2.4 ± 1.4% and 2.5 ± 1.1% over two days (N = 6) (B1), 2.6 ± 0.4% and 2.7 ± 0.6% over seven days (N = 6) (B2), 5.2 ± 2.1% and 5.5 ± 0.6% over 28 days (N = 6) (B3), 6.8 ± 1.1% and 7.2 ± 1.1% over 56 days (N = 3) (B4). Spines formed and eliminated after LPS injection: 1.7 ± 1.8% and 3.3 ± 1.1% over two days (N = 3) (B1), 2.2 ± 1.4% and 3.1 ± 0.5% over seven days (N = 3) (B2), 10.7 ± 1.5% and 11.0 ± 1.2% over 28 days (N = 6) (B3), 12.4 ± 4.9% and 20.9 ± 3.5% over 56 days (N = 4) (B4). These data were statistically compared between control and LPS treatment (spines formed: p > 0.5 for two days; p > 0.5 for seven days; p < 0.001 for 28 days; p > 0.1 for 56 days; spines eliminated: p > 0.1 for two days; p > 0.1 for seven days; p < 0.001 for 28 days; p < 0.001 for 56 days). ***, p < 0.001. (C) Spine turnover measured with a fixed interval but with different days of the first imaging.