Figure 6

DMS rescues stress-induced phenotypes and synaptic plasticity in rodent models. (A) Outline of foot-shock-induced depressive behavioral paradigm and DMS treatment experiments. (B) Behavioral effects of learned helplessness mouse model with DMS treatment. Values represent mean (±) SEM (Animal amount: control n = 15, Foot-shock n = 19, Foot-shock with DMS n = 15; **: P < 0.005, two-tailed student’s t-test. (C) Hippocampal Mkp-1 mRNA level in a learned helplessness mouse model with DMS treatment. Values represent mean (±) SEM (n = 12 animals for each group; *: P < 0.05, two-tailed student’s t-test). (D) Outline of foot-shock-induced depressive behavioral paradigm, DMS treatment, and gamma irradiation experiments. (E) Behavioral effects of learned helplessness mouse model with DMS and IR treatment. Values represent mean (±) SEM (n = 12-16 for each condition; **: P < 0.005, *: P < 0.05, two-tailed student’s t-test). (F) DMS treatment restored hippocampal LTP impaired by the chronic restraint stress. Compared with control group (n = 5, 119.92 ± 2.78% of baseline ), the LTP induction was significantly impaired in Restraint Stress (RS) group (n = 5, 97.10 ± 1.67% of baseline) and restored in RS + DMS group (n = 12, 117.06 ± 3.54% of baseline); (G) Summary of LTP induction in control, RS and RS + DMS group (F(2,19) = 8.64, *p = 0.002, compared with control group). Statistical comparisons in electrophysiological studies were made by the least significance difference test of one-way ANOVA. The significance level was set as *:p < 0.05.