Figure 2

Transcriptional immaturity of PFC in the schizophrenic brain. (a, c, e) Venn diagrams illustrating the overlap in transcriptome-wide gene expression changes in the DLFC (BA46) of patients with schizophrenia (patients compared with controls) and normal infants (infants <2 years, compared with adults, 20–49 years) (a), the DLFC (BA46) of patients with schizophrenia (patients compared with controls) and that in the DLFC (BA9 and 46) of normal infants (infants, 1–5 years, compared with adults, 20–39 years) (c), and the MFC (BA10) of patients with schizophrenia (patients compared with controls) and that in the MFC (BA24, 32, 33) of normal infants (infants, 1–5 years, compared with adults, 20–39 years) (e). (b, d, f) P-values of overlap between the schizophrenic DLFC and normal developing DLFC (<2 years compared with 20–49 years) data sets (b), schizophrenic DLFC and normal developing DLFC (1–5 years compared with 20–39 years) data sets (d), and schizophrenic MFC and normal developing MFC (1–5 years, compared with 20–39 years) data sets (f). Bar graphs illustrate the P-values of overlaps of genes upregulated (red arrows) or downregulated (blue arrows) by each condition, between the two conditions. Bonferroni correction was used to adjust the significant level by the number of pairs of datasets included in each study (see the Methods section and Additional file1: Table S27). The genes that showed the same directional changes in expression, or positive correlation, between two groups in (b), (d), and (f) were designated Bioset1–3 (surrounded by dotted line), respectively. These Biosets were used in the analyses for pathway enrichment (Additional file1: Table S6, S7, S9) and cell-type contribution (Figure 3).