Figure 2
From: 5-mehtyltetrahydrofolate rescues alcohol-induced neural crest cell migration abnormalities
Exposure to lower concentration of alcohol had no significant toxicity to neural crest development. We harvested the embryos at stage 16 for Whole-mount In Situ Hybridization (WISH). (A) Both boarder determinator gene Pax3, Zic1 and neural crest specification marker gene slug are kept intact. (B) Quantification of the effect of alcohol exposure on the expression of neural crest markers. (C) RT-PCR assays display expression of Msx1, Pax3, Zic1 and Slug are identical according to divergent alcohol treatment. (D,E) Alcohol less than 2% did not trigger abnormality of cell proliferation (labeled with pH3). Neural crest cell apoptosis was induced by 2% alcohol treatment as shown by activated caspase3. (normalized with beta actin).