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Figure 4 | Molecular Brain

Figure 4

From: Channel-mediated astrocytic glutamate modulates hippocampal synaptic plasticity by activating postsynaptic NMDA receptors

Figure 4

Elevated synaptic glutamate by astrocytic glutamate release. A, Representative AMPAR-EPSCs in the absence (Ctrl) or presence of CTZ (CTZ), and co-presence of CTZ and TFLLR (CTZ + TFLLR). B, Summary of decay kinetics (τdecay), amplitudes, and coefficient of variation (CV) of AMPAR-EPSCs (mean ± s.e.m). **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001, one-way ANOVA with post-hoc test. C, Representative traces showing CTZ-induced changes in AMPAR-EPSCs in wild type (WT) or PAR1 knockout mice (PAR1 KO). D, Summary of increased decay kinetics (τdecay) of AMPAR-EPSCs by TFLLR application (mean ± s.e.m.). *, p < 0.05, unpaired t-test. E, Above: representative fluorescence image showing expression of Par1 shRNA in the hippocampal slice of CaMKIIα mice. SR, stratum radiatum. DG, dentate gyrus. The magnified view indicates nonneuronal expression of Par1 shRNA (arrowhead). Below: Western blot analysis showing PAR1 protein level in the naïve hippocampus (Control) or the hippocampus expressing scrambled-shRNA (SC shRNA) or Par1 shRNA. F, Representative AMPAR-EPSCs, before (CTZ) and after TFLLR application (CTZ + TFLLR), in mice expressing SC or Par1 shRNA. G, Bar graphs summarizing TFLLR-induced changes in τdecay of CTZ-AMPAR-EPSC. Mean ± s.e.m. *, p < 0.05, unpaired t-test. H, Representative CTZ-AMPAR-EPSC traces in wild type (WT) or Best1 knockout mice (Best1 KO). I, Summary of TFLLR-induced increases in τdecay of AMPAR-EPSCs (mean ± s.e.m.). *, p < 0.05, unpaired t-test. J, Representative AMPAR-EPSC traces before (Control) and after TFLLR application (TFLLR). K, Summary of amplitudes and τdecay of the AMPAR-EPSCs. L, Representative traces showing paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) of AMPAR-EPSCs before (Control) and after TFLLR application (TFLLR). M, Summary of normalized PPF ratio (% potentiation, mean ± s.e.m.; 2nd EPSC amplitude/1st EPSC amplitude). IPI, inter-pulse interval. Numbers on the each bar graph indicate the number of tested slices from at least three mice.

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