Fig. 4

The Na⁺/K⁺/Cl⁻ cotransporter NKCC1 does not differentiate VSD and IOS signals. a: (Left) Representative VSD amplitude maps under control condition and 5 mM furosemide application. Transparent lines indicate the pyramidal cell layers (CA1 and CA3) and the granular cell layer of the DG. The positions of the stimulating and recording electrodes are marked by gray and green arrows, respectively. (Middle) Time course of the field potential responses and VSD transients on the diode at the field potential recording site under control condition and 5 mM furosemide application. (Right) Effect of 5 mM furosemide on the population spike (PS) measured in the CA1 and on the average VSD and IOS amplitudes in the CA1, CA3 and DG regions. b: Effect of 10 μM bumetanide on the PS measured in the CA1 and on the average VSD and IOS amplitudes in the CA1, CA3 and DG regions. c: Effect of 10 μM VU0463271 on the PS measured in the CA1 and on the average VSD and IOS amplitudes in the CA1, CA3 and DG regions. Asterisks indicate significant changes compared to control (P < 0.05, Mann–Whitney U test)