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Fig. 4 | Molecular Brain

Fig. 4

From: Nicotine attenuates the effect of HIV-1 proteins on the neural circuits of working and contextual memories

Fig. 4

Synergistic effects of HIV-1 proteins and nicotine on the expression of genes in the signaling cascades of synaptic formation in the hippocampus (a) and amygdala (a). Chronic nicotine treatment attenuated the HIV-1 protein effect on the expression of genes involved in calcium signaling cascades. Genes encoding the upstream regulators and downstream targets of calcium signaling cascades were downregulated by nicotine in the hippocampus but were upregulated by nicotine in the amygdala compared with the HIV-1Tg saline-treated group. Signaling cascades were drawn by IPA

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Molecular Brain

ISSN: 1756-6606