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Fig. 8 | Molecular Brain

Fig. 8

From: The participation of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 released by astrocytes in the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease

Fig. 8

Hypothetical model of AD pathogenesis from the perspective of the astrocyte-neuron interaction. The hypothetical pathway by which Aβ affects both astrocytes and neurons, thereby activating GSK3β and leading to tau phosphorylation. Aβ, which is released from neurons, may induce astrocytes to release IGFBP-3 by activating calcineurin. Aβ may also directly activate GSK-3β, resulting in tau phosphorylation. IGF-1 can suppress GSK-3β and prevent tau phosphorylation, whereas IGFBP-3 impedes the protective effect of IGF-1

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