Fig. 1From: Maternal sleep deprivation at different stages of pregnancy impairs the emotional and cognitive functions, and suppresses hippocampal long-term potentiation in the offspring ratsMaternal sleep deprivation impaired spatial learning and memory in the Morris water maze task. a The offspring of ESD (n = 16), MSD (n = 16) and LSD (n = 16) spent much longer time than control (n = 8) in searching the hidden platform on training day 1–3. b A probe test was performed on day 7, the offspring of ESD, MSD and LSD spent much less time than control in the quadrant where the the hidden platform was located. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vs. controlBack to article page