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Fig. 2 | Molecular Brain

Fig. 2

From: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase: a potential therapeutic target for cerebrovascular diseases

Fig. 2

The regulatory mechanisms of eNOS activity. The mechanisms work at both the genetic and protein level. At the genetic level, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), activator protein-1 (AP-1), activator protein-2 (AP-2), Krűppel-like Factor 2 (KLF2), endothelin family and Forkhead box O1 (Foxo-1) genes regulate eNOS expression; at the protein level, several factors, such as bradykinin, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), ACh, shear stress, and high density lipoprotein (HDL), promote eNOS phosphorylation by PI3K/Akt, AMPK and MAPK pathways. In addition, binding with calmodulin (CaM) enhances eNOS activation, while caveolin-1(Cav-1) inhibits eNOS activation

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