Fig. 1

Chico expression in the MBs is required for LTE of AL induced MB responses. a Schematic diagram of the recording setup. A dissected brain, held on a platinum grid by nylon fibers, is placed in a recording chamber perfused with HL3. Glass electrodes are used to electrically stimulate the AL and AFV, and resulting fluorescent signals are measured using a confocal microscope. See Materials and Methods for details. b Stimulation protocol. AL-induced Ca²⁺ responses before (pre) and after (test/post) simultaneous AL and AFV stimulation (AL + AFV) were used to quantify LTE. Vertical tick marks represent AL or AFV stimulation. c and d Typical traces of AL-induced (c) and AFV-induced (d) Ca²⁺ responses in control (UAS-G-CaMP/+; OK107/+) and chico (chico ¹ ; UAS-G-CaMP/+; OK107/+) brains, and summary graphs. N = 6 for all data. e Typical AL-induced Ca²⁺ responses at the distal end of α/α’ lobes of the MBs before (pre) and after (post) simultaneous AL and AFV stimulation. Scale bar, 10 μm. f Summary of Ca²⁺ responses obtained from control, chico ¹ and MB-chico rescue (chico ¹ ,UAS-chico/chico ¹ ; UAS-G-CaMP/+; OK107/+) brains. Arrowheads indicate stimulation onset. N = 6 for each data point. ** P < 0.01, * P < 0.05, N.S. Not Significant. Data are shown as means ± SEM