Fig. 1

PAK1-DN expression reduces viability. a PAK1-DN expression reduced viability of SH-SY5Y cells but expression of PAK1-CA mutant increased viability of Sh-SY5Y cells (GFP: 100.0 ± 2.99 %, n = 4; WT: 88.6 ± 2.84 %, n = 4; CA: 135.1 ± 6.03 %, n = 4; DN: 65.94 ± 3.80 %, n = 4; One-way ANOVA, F _3,15 = 49.14, ^**** P < 0.0001, Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test: ^*** P < 0.001, ns: not significant). b PAK1-DN expression reduced viability of SH-SY5Y cells after oxidative stress induced by treatment with hydrogen peroxide (GFP: 100.0 ± 2.68 %, n = 12; WT: 138.7 ± 2.13 %, n = 12; CA: 154.1 ± 2.52 %, n = 12; DN: 75.41 ± 2.18 %, n = 12; One-way ANOVA, F _3,47 = 225.6, ^**** P < 0.0001, Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test: ^*** P < 0.001). c PAK1-DN expression reduced viability of SH-SY5Y cells after oxidative stress induced by treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine (GFP: 100.0 ± 3.12 %, n = 4; WT: 121.2 ± 5.73 %, n = 4; CA: 161.3 ± 14.11 %, n = 4; DN: 71.35 ± 2.92 %, n = 12; One-way ANOVA, F _3,15 = 22.95, ^**** P < 0.0001, Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test: ^* P < 0.05, ^*** P < 0.001, ns: not significant). d PAK1-DN expression significantly increased apoptotic cell death. At 72 h after plating of SH-SY5Y cells expressing PAK1 mutants, the cells were subjected to TUNEL staining. e Bar graphic representation of TUNEL staining results (GFP: 17.6 ± 30.63 %, n = 3; CA: 14.4 ± 3.31 %, n = 3; DN: 39.08 ± 8.46 %, n = 3; One-way ANOVA, F _2,8 = 6.50, P = 0.0315, Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test: ^* P < 0.05)