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Fig. 4 | Molecular Brain

Fig. 4

From: Pathological classification of human iPSC-derived neural stem/progenitor cells towards safety assessment of transplantation therapy for CNS diseases

Fig. 4

NSPC histology schematic in injured spinal cord and brain, according to the maturational pattern. A, B The transplant fate schematics in an injured spinal cord (A) and an intact brain (B). The transplanted cells reached the edge of a cyst that resembled the central canal in the injured spinal cords (a), the ventricle of brain (a’), the inner pia mater (b, b’), or vessels in the brain striatum (c’), which recapitulated fetal central nervous system development consisting of DNT. Medullary DNT arose from the edge of the central canal where transplanted cells transformed into neuroepithelium and neuroblasts (closed diamond), which gave rise to three cellular zones with different maturation patterns (ventricular zone (VZ)-, intermediate zone (IZ)-, and marginal zone (MZ)-like structures), as observed in fetal brain development. The migrating neural cells attached to the inner pia mater become flattened in shape (subpial neural cells, closed square), which had an equivalent immunophenotype to a VZ component of the DNT. UDNT are composed of cells that show a VZ equivalent immunophenotype, which are thought to be formed as the consequence of a maturational delay in the DNT formation process (broken arrows). c The migrating transplanted cells that did not reach the above neurogenesis initiation sites may differentiate into mature neural cells (scattered neural cells: SNC, indicated by a star) or fail to differentiate and may form a UDNT (broken arrow). SNCs might also be derived from DNT. d, d’ The transplanted cells that failed to engraft into the parenchyma exhibit arrested or incomplete neural differentiation (BLT, UDNT) or mesenchymal differentiation (MES)

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