Fig. 1

Representative traces of EEG-EMG recordings in a WT mouse. For each mouse, continuous recordings for 48 h were done (top 2 channels: EEG; bottom 2 channels: EMG). The top EEG channel is from left frontal electrode recording with reference to cerebellum. The second EEG channel is from right parietal electrode recording with reference to cerebellum. a Wake EEG is predominated by oscillations greater or equal to theta oscillations (≥5 Hz) with varying amplitude and is irregular in comparison to NREM and REM sleep. b, c NREM sleep is predominated by either high amplitude delta waves (<4 Hz) or mixed high amplitude theta/delta waves in the EEG channels and low muscle activity. The mixed high amplitude theta/delta waves in our mice often occur before transitioning into REM sleep. d REM sleep is characterized by regular low amplitude theta waves (≥7 Hz) in the EEG channels associated with muscle atonia. Every gridline marks 1 s in duration. The amplitude scale for EEG is 100 μV and the amplitude scale for EMG is 300 μV