Fig. 5
From: Bridging pro-inflammatory signals, synaptic transmission and protection in spinal explants in vitro
Effects of pro-inflammatory stress on soluble factor production and on astro/microglia morphology in organotypic spinal slices. a Production of cytokines (IL6; IL10) and chemokines (CXCL1; CXCL2; CCL2; CXCL10) determined by Milliplex assay in organotypic culture supernatants after stimulation with the pro-inflammatory cytokine cocktail (CKs) for 4 or 6 h in the presence or absence of MT2. Column graphs report mean values ± SEM of 25 independent experiments. The pro-inflammatory stimulus significantly increases the release of IL6, IL10, CXCL1, CXCL2 and CCL2 compared to control (first column), both after 4 and 6 h of treatment. MT2 treatment did not alter the soluble factor production. b Immune fluorescence staining for astrocytes (GFAP, green) and microglia (CD68, red). The pro-inflammatory stress (CKs) induces astrocyte spreading and microglia activation, as indicated by the amoeboid shape. MT2 treatment did not affect these cellular patterns. The pictures show one field representative of 5 randomly analyzed ones (one experiment representative of 5 independent ones). Calibration bar 20 μm