Fig. 1

Chronic constriction injury (CCI) induces mechanical allodynia in wild-type (WT) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) knockout (KO) mice. (a, b) The paw withdrawal frequency (% PWF) was measured on days 0 (baseline), 1, 3, 5, and 7 after surgery. Mechanical allodynia was separately compared in each group of contralateral (Contra) and ipsilateral (Ipsi) in CCI mice. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA); all the data are shown as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM), where *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and n = 10 compared with the WT Ipsi group