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Fig. 5 | Molecular Brain

Fig. 5

From: Targeting NMDA receptors in stroke: new hope in neuroprotection

Fig. 5

Summary of excitotoxic pathways, mediators and potential therapeutics. The highlighted neuronal death signaling pathways associated with excitotoxicity are: GluN2B-PSD95-nNOS, GluN2B-DAPK1-p53, GluN2B NMDAR-PTEN, and NMDAR-SFK-Panx1. Further downstream death mediators of excitotoxicity are calpain, MAPK:p38 and JNK, and SREBP1. The interfering peptides and molecules targeting each neurotoxic pathway/mediator are listed in red, and their time windows of administration after stroke onset were previously tested in animal stroke models or clinical trials. *:Peroxynitrite scavengers and antioxidants that may act downstream of the GluN2B-PSD95-nNOS pathway to prevent neurotoxicity. #: Therapeutic time window of the peptides not yet examined in animal ischemic stroke model. Numbers in superscript indicates references in the manuscript

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