Fig. 2
From: Nodding behavior couples to vigilance fluctuation in a high-calorie diet model of drowsiness
The properties of delta oscillation and EMG amplitude during drowsy state including nodding behavior. a Representative traces of EMG/EEG signals obtained during wake, drowsy and sleep state. Scale bars, 400 mV, 2 s for EMG and 100 mV, 2 s for EEG. b The average of EMG amplitude in wake, drowsy and sleep state (repeated one-way ANOVA, *p < 0.05 and p = 0.043, Sidak’s post hoc test, n = 8). All error bars represent s.e.m. c Quantification of EEG delta power during wake, drowsy and sleep state. (repeated one-way ANOVA, *p < 0.05 and p = 0.240, Sidak’s post hoc test, n = 8, n.s. indicates ‘not significant’). All error bars represent s.e.m. d Representative EEG and EMG traces obtained during drowsy states. The drowsy state consisted of sequential Nd and Non-Nd (‘before’ and ‘after’ period of Nd state) of the head (Nd; nodding, Non-Nd; non-nodding). Scale bars, 100 mV, 1 s for EEG and 50 mV, 1 s for EMG. e Left: In the course of changing from the Non-Nd state to the Nd state, the EMG signal increased and delta oscillation decreased. Right: The graph during Nd state to Non-Nd state showing increase of EEG delta power and decrease in EMG amplitude (n = 4)