Fig. 5
From: Chronic restraint stress induces hippocampal memory deficits by impairing insulin signaling
Mitigation of CRS-induced hippocampal damage by intranasal insulin delivery. a Experimental scheme. b Body weight analyzed by two-way repeated ANOVA (n = 9 per group). **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (difference between Ctrl/Saline and CRS/Saline groups on the same days); #p < 0.05 (difference between CRS/Saline and CRS/Insulin groups on the same days). c Concentration of blood CORT analyzed by two-way ANOVA (Ctrl/Saline, n = 6; Ctrl/Insulin, n = 6; CRS/Saline, n = 7; CRS/Insulin, n = 7). d Nest building behavior assay. Representative results are shown. e Nesting building scores analyzed by two-way ANOVA (bottom) (n = 11 per group). f Y-maze test analyzed by two-way ANOVA (Ctrl/Saline, n = 6; Ctrl/Insulin, n = 6; CRS/Saline, n = 9; CRS/Insulin, n = 9). Data are mean ± SEM. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Ctrl/saline, control group with saline; CRS/saline, CRS group with saline; Ctrl/insulin, control group with insulin administration; CRS/insulin, CRS group with insulin administration