Fig. 1

Characterization of Shank3 expression in the wild-type hypothalamus, and transcriptome analysis of the hypothalamus in Shank3 transgenic mice. a qRT-PCR results showing relative expression levels of Shank3 mRNA in various brain regions of adult wild-type (WT) mice. HYP, hypothalamus; CRB, cerebellum; CTX, cortex; HP, hippocampus; STR, striatum. b Western blot images showing relative expression levels of Shank3 (3a, 3c/d, 3e isoforms), Homer1b/c, and PSD-95 proteins in various brain regions of adult WT mice. The amount of total proteins loaded in each well is indicated. c Volcano plot for the hypothalamic RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of adult Shank3 TG mice. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), defined by FDR < 0.05, are shown as orange (FC < = 2) and red (FC > 2) circles. FC, fold change. The complete lists of the RNA-seq analysis and DEGs are provided in Additional file 2: Tables 1 and 2. d The Venn diagram shows the numbers of common DEGs among the hypothalamus, striatum, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of Shank3 TG mice. For the common DEGs, the log2FC values for each brain region are shown. The bar graph shows qRT-PCR results for Shank3, Gpr85, and Cav2 in the Shank3 TG hypothalamus. e, f The bar graphs show normalized enrichment scores (NESs) of the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG, E) and Gene Ontology-Cellular component (GO-CC, F) gene sets for the Shank3 TG hypothalamus RNA-seq analysis. Significant gene sets (FDR < 0.05) are highlighted in red and blue for up-regulated and down-regulated genes, respectively. The complete lists of the GSEA are provided in Additional file 2: Table 3. g The enrichment plot of RNA-seq analysis of Shank3 TG hypothalamus of the KEGG ribosome gene set. h The diagram shows opposite directional NES of the GSEA on KEGG ribosome gene set for the Shank3 TG hypothalamus compared with striatum and mPFC. Blue represents negative NES value (i.e., down-regulated genes), while red represents positive NES value (i.e., up-regulated genes). The Venn diagram shows the numbers of common ribosome-related core genes among the hypothalamus, striatum, and mPFC of Shank3 TG mice. The complete lists of the ribosome-related genes are provided in Additional file 2: Table 4. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 (unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test)