Fig. 1
From: Gluconate suppresses seizure activity in developing brains by inhibiting CLC-3 chloride channels
Gluconate inhibits epileptiform burst activity in cultured neurons. a Inhibition of spontaneous burst activity by 20 mM NaGluc in cultured cortical neurons (n = 10, from 3 batches). b CTZ-induced robust epileptiform activity (top trace) was completely blocked by 10 mM NaGluc (bottom trace). c Dose-dependent inhibition of NaGluc on CTZ-induced burst activity (n = 11 from 4 batches). d Kainic acid (KA, 1 μM for 2 h) induced epileptiform burst activity (top trace), and its suppression by 10 mM NaGluc (bottom trace). Bar graph showing the dose response (n = 12 from 3 batches, paired Student’s t-test). e Typical epileptiform activity induced by 4-AP (50 μM for 2 h) (top trace), and its inhibition by 10 mM NaGluc (bottom trace). Bar graph showing the dose response (n = 9 from 3 batches, paired Student’s t-test). f Live/dead cell assay showing neuroprotective role of NaGluc against KA-induced cell death. Scale bar, 100 μm. g Quantification of cell survival under KA or KA plus NaGluc treatment. Note that NaGluc reduced cell death induced by KA, but itself had no side effect on neuron survival. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. *** P < 0.001