Fig. 5

Suppressing neonatal epileptiform activity through inhibiting CLC-3 channels. a Field potential recording showing strong inhibition of epileptiform activity (0 Mg²⁺) by NaGluc (20 mM) in the CA3 pyramidal layer of hippocampal slices from neonatal mice (P12). b Power spectra of epileptiform activity (5-min time windows) before (red), during (green), and after (black) NaGluc application. The amplitude of power (integrative area under the power spectrum trace) was significantly reduced after NaGluc application. c, d In P26 hippocampal slices, however, NaGluc only showed modest inhibitory effect on the epileptiform activity. e Normalized power showing the time course of NaGluc inhibition on the epileptiform activity induced by 0 Mg²⁺ aCSF. NaGluc dramatically reduced the power of epileptiform activity in the P6–8 and P10–12 neonatal slices (P < 0.001, paired Student’s t-test). As a control, the gray line represents the effect of adding 20 mM NaCl on neonatal (P8–12) epileptiform activity, there was no significant change (P > 0.1, paired Student’s t-test). f Dose-dependent inhibition of NaGluc on the power (left) and paroxysmal discharges (right) in the neonatal brain slices. The percentage change of power and paroxysmal discharges were normalized to the 20 min of stable recordings before NaCl or NaGluc application. Control (Ctrl) represents the effect of 20 mM NaCl. Compared to control, the power and paroxysmal discharges were significantly reduced in the presence of 10 mM or 20 mM NaGluc. Data are shown as mean ± s.e.m. *** P < 0.001