Fig. 8

Increased anxiety-like behavior in BALB/cAJcl female mice previously exposed to chronic restraint stress. Behaviors of nulliparous and lactating primiparous BALB/cAJcl females previously exposed to chronic restraint stress were assessed (nonstressed (NS) nulliparous females, n = 14; chronic restraint-stressed (CRS) nulliparous females, n = 14; NS-lactating females, n = 13; CRS-lactating females, n = 9). a–d Open field test: a distance traveled (cm), b vertical activity, c center time (s), and d stereotypic counts during three 10-min blocks. e–i Light/dark transition test: e distance traveled (cm) in the dark chamber, f distance traveled (cm) in the light chamber, g time spent in the light chamber (s), h number of transitions between the light and dark chambers, and i latency to enter the light chamber (s). j–m) Porsolt forced swim test: j immobility time (%) on day 1, k distance traveled (cm) on day 1, l immobility time (%) on day 2, and m distance traveled (cm) on day 2. n Immobility time (%) in the tail suspension test. Females showing tail-climbing behavior for more than 30 s in total during the test period were excluded from the analysis. o 2% sucrose preference (%). Values are means ± SEM. *p < 0.05, compared with nulliparous females