Table 1 Additional clusters of brain bioenergetic metabolites in response to exercise in the hippocampus and the frontal cortex of running mice presented as % of control (n = 6–7)
From: Physical activity reduces anxiety and regulates brain fatty acid synthesis
No. | Compound name | Hippocampus | Cortex | Function | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Runners (%) | P value | Runners (%) | P value | |||
Glycolysis | ||||||
1. | Fructose 6-phosphate | ↑ 163 | < 0.05 | 90.8 | ns | Glucose-6-phosphate is converted to fructose-6-phosphate in the second step of the glycolytic pathway. |
2. | 3-Phosphoglycerate | ↑ 176.2 | < 0.05 | 85.11 | ns | 3-carbon molecule that is a metabolic intermediate in glycolysis. |
Energetic substrate | ||||||
3. | Glycerol | 18,838 | ns | ↓ 68.9 | < 0.05 | Marker of triglycerides breakdown. Alternative TCA substrate. |
Amino acids and its metabolites | ||||||
4. | Phenylalanine | 99.5 | ns | ↓ 83.1 | < 0.05 | Essential amino acid and the precursor of the amino acid tyrosine. Like tyrosine, phenylalanine is also a precursor for catecholamines including tyramine, dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. |
5. | Valine | ↓ 84.9 | < 0.05 | 98.7 | ns | Essential branched-chain amino acid. |
6 | Picolinic acid | ↑ 237 | < 0.05 | 80 | ns | Metabolite of the tryptophan catabolism via kynurenine pathway. |
Marker of food consumption | ||||||
7. | D-Pinitol | ↑ 431 | < 0.001 | 132.6 | ns | Biomarker of the consumption of soy beans and other soy products. |