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Fig. 2 | Molecular Brain

Fig. 2

From: Propionic acid induces dendritic spine loss by MAPK/ERK signaling and dysregulation of autophagic flux

Fig. 2

PPA upregulates biochemical markers of autophagy in hippocampal neurons (a) Representative western blot of LC3 after PPA treatment. b Quantification of LC3-II levels with respect to LC3-I levels (n = 4). c) Representative immunofluorescence images showing LC3 staining in hippocampal neurons and PPA-treated cells. d Quantification of number of LC3 puncta from images in (C) (n = 10). e Representative Western blot showing increased expression of beclin-1 for 72 h after PPA treatment. f Quantification of beclin-1 levels with respect to GAPDH levels (n = 4). g Representative immunofluorescence images showing LAMP1 staining in hippocampal neurons and PPA-treated cells. h Quantification of the number of LAMP1 puncta from images in (G) (n = 12). i Representative Immunofluorescence images showing poly-ubiquitin staining in hippocampal neurons and PPA-treated cells. j Quantification of the number of poly-ubiquitin puncta from the images in (I) (n = 10). Bar graph showing mean ± SEM of the representative groups. Scale bar is 10 μm. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001

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