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Fig. 2 | Molecular Brain

Fig. 2

From: Ketamine and its metabolite, (2R,6R)-HNK, restore hippocampal LTP and long-term spatial memory in the Wistar-Kyoto rat model of depression

Fig. 2

WKYs exhibit a significant SC-CA1 LTP deficit, with normal basal synaptic transmission and LTD. a Representative fEPSP signals and average input-output (I/O) curves of fEPSP slope for WKY and WIS rats (n = 19–21 rats × 2 hemispheres /strain). SC-CA1 basal synaptic transmission was comparable between the two strains. b LTD recordings following LFS (3 Hz, 900pulses, 5 min (solid black line)) by strain (WKY n = 9, WIS: n = 14). Although fEPSP slope was transiently reduced 5 min post-LFS in WKY and WIS rats (p = 0.14, n.s. and p = 0.04), it effectively returned to baseline within 30 min in both strains. c, d Weak LTP recordings following HSF (1 × 100 Hz, 1 s (single black arrow)) by (c) strain and (d) time bin (WKY n = 21, WIS: n = 26). While there was a significant increase in fEPSP slope 5 min post-HFS in both strains (***p = 0.0006 and ***p < 0.0001), wLTP induction was significantly compromised in WKY compared to WIS rats (# # #p = 0.0007), and despite some decay in both strains (‡p = 0.03 and ‡p = 0.02), significant wLTP was still observed 30 min later in control WIS (***p < 0.0001) but not WKY rats (p = 0.41, n.s.; vs. WIS # # #p = 0.0005). e, f Saturated LTP recordings following HSF (4 × 100 Hz, 1 s, 5 min apart (4 black arrows)) by (e) strain and (f) time bin (WKY n = 12, WIS: n = 14). Although fEPSP slope increased immediately post-HFS in both strains (***p < 0.0001), significant sLTP was still observed 90 min later in control WIS (***p < 0.0001) but not WKY rats (p = 0.76, n.s.; due to significant sLTP decay ‡ ‡ ‡p = 0.0006; vs. WIS # # #p = 0.001). * vs. [1] = potentiation effect, vs. [2] = decay effect, # vs. WIS = strain effect; *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001

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