Fig. 1

Increasing neuronal activity in a subset of IC neurons during CTA conditioning. a The top panel shows the map of the AAV constructs. Bottom panel shows experimental schema. Representative picture showing localized hM3Dq (magenta) expression in the IC by hM3Dq-mCherry virus infection. Scale bar = 1000 um. b Representative images showing expression of c-fos (green) following conditioning and hM3Dq (magenta). Yellow arrows indicate double-labeled neurons (c-fos + and hM3Dq+). Scale bar = 100 um. (C-D) Probability of expression of c-fos (c-fos+) in cells transduced with the hM3Dq viruses (hM3Dq + neurons) (c) and stained with DAPI (DAPI+ cells) (d) in the IC (N = 3 in each group). e Representative images showing expression of c-fos (green) following memory retrieval test and hM3Dq (magenta). Scale bar = 100 um. f-g Probability of occurrence of c-fos + neurons in the hM3Dq + neurons (f) and DAPI+ cells (g) in the IC (N = 7 in each group). h Data show the mean quantity of saccharine solution consumed during the conditioning. i Data showing the aversion index in the memory retrieval test (N = 13 in each group). Data are presented as mean ± SEM; ***p < 0.001 (saline-injected mice, black columns; CNO-injected mice, red columns)