Fig. 4

Dysbindin mediates calcium homeostasis in presynaptic terminals. a Representative time-lapse images of calcium responses in the axon tip of DIV 10–12 primary cortical neurons transfected with the indicated shRNA. A scale bar represents 2 μm. b Calcium response graph obtained after 50 mM KCl stimulation. c Statistically analyzed peak amplitudes, d the area under the curves, and e the decay time to half-maximum of the calcium response graph (n = 55 for CTL shRNA and n = 41 for Dysbindin shRNA). f A schematic model of the function of dysbindin in regulating mitochondrial movement. The association of dysbindin to dynactin complex facilitates the mitochondrial motility and thereby affects calcium dynamics in the axon tip. All results are presented as the mean \(\pm\) SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 from Student’s t-test