Fig. 6

Subdiaphragmatic Vagotomy impairs LiCl-induced Fos⁺ Expression in the insular cortex a Bilateral branches of the both anterior and posterior vagal trunk were excised with micro-scissors to achieve total subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. b Representative histology of Fos-like immunoreactivity in the left- and right-side of the aIC, the mIC, the pIC, the PVT, the CeA, and the PBN after intraperitoneal injection of LiCl (150 mg/kg). c, d Quantification of Fos-like immunoreactivity in the upper regions [n = 10 mice per group, F (2, 42) = 2.072, P = 0.139] after intraperitoneal injection of LiCl (150 mg/kg). Data were presented as means ± SEM. Scale bar, 100 μm