Fig. 8
From: Drosophila Graf regulates mushroom body β-axon extension and olfactory long-term memory
Long-term memory is defective in Graf mutants. Wild-type, Graf1/Y, Graf1/Y; OK107-GAL4/ + , Graf1/Y; UAS-Graf-HA/ + , and Graf1/Y; UAS-Graf-HA/ + ; OK107-GAL4/ + flies were tested for learning immediately after a single training session (a) as well as for short-term (1 h) (b), intermediate-term (3 h) (c), and long-term (24 h) (d) memory. Note that Graf1/Y mutants are specifically defective in long-term memory. Data are presented as means ± SEMs (n = 9 independent experiments). All comparisons are made against wild-type unless indicated (***P < 0.001; one-way analysis of variance with Tukey–Kramer post hoc test)