Table 3 Neural phenotype and behavior phenotype in manipulation of MEF2C
From: Progress on the roles of MEF2C in neuropsychiatric diseases
Sample | Neural phenotype | Behavior phenotype | References |
|---|---|---|---|
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-Cre93 line conditioned MEF2C-KO mice after birth | Increased the number of spines in the hippocampus of mice | Not related with the presentation of learning and memory, LTP or social behavior | [16] |
Late embryonic deletion of MEF2C in the forebrain Transgenic expression of a superactive form of MEF2C in neurons of mice (NSE-MEF2C-VP16 transgenic mice) | Increased the number of excitatory synapses and spinous processes Enhanced basal and evoked synaptic transmission Reduced structural and functional glutamatergic synapse density in hippocampal pyramidal neurons | Hippocampus-dependent learning and memory impairment | [6] |
Conventional exon 2-deleted allele of MEF2 deletion or downregulation of MEF2C | Increased dendritic branches and spines in Purkinje cells, and changes in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic protein localization | Â | |
Conditional MEF2C gene KO in neural stem/progenitor cell | Abnormal density and cell body size of cortical plate neurons | More immature electrophysiological network characteristics and serious behavioral defects | [5] |
Knockdown of MEF2C Overexpression of MEF2C | Reduced the number of dendritic spines on apical dendrites of cultured neural progenitor cells Increased spine density | Hyper-sensitive passive avoidance behavior | [31] |
Embryonic MEF2C deletion from most forebrain excitatory neurons in mice (EmxCre × MEF2C flox/flox) | A ~ twofold increase in dendritic GABAergic synapse density on excitatory cortical pyramidal neurons | Deficits in fear learning and memory, multiple social behaviors, socially-motivated ultrasonic vocalizations, and reward-related behaviors | [26] |
HSV-Cre-GFP virus injection in MEF2C flox/flox pups at P2 to down-regulate MEF2C expression HSV-Cre-GFP virus injection in MEF2C flox/flox mice at P14-15 to down-regulate MEF2C expression In utero electroporation of pcBIG-Mef2C-VP16 plasmids at E12.5 in wild-type embryos to overexpress MEF 2C | Increased in spine counts in SPNs at P8 Normal number of dendritic spines in SPNs at P19-20 Decreased number of spines in SPNs at P14 | Defective neonatal isolation-induced USVs, a form of vocal communication in neonatal rodents | [18] |
Postnatal MEF2C deletion AAV-Cre-GFP infection in dissociated neocortical cultures | Decreased excitatory synapse number from L4 / L2/3 pyramidal neurons A reduced spine density on basal of normal dendritic branching in neurons | Â | [56] |
Conventional exon 2-deleted allele of MEF2C | Reduced number of neurons and total dendritic lengths Dendritic interactions impairment Increased E/I ratio in the hippocampus | Intellectual disability, speech deficit, autism-like symptoms, seizures or motor abnormalities | [70] |
Upregulation of MEF2C in the adult prefrontal cortex (PFC) by AAV-MEF2C virus injections | Decrease in mushroom spines proportion in layer III of the PFC with no difference in total spine density | Improved cognition | [47] |