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Fig. 2 | Molecular Brain

Fig. 2

From: Blood–brain barrier: emerging trends on transport models and new-age strategies for therapeutics intervention against neurological disorders

Fig. 2

Breaching of the BBB and entry of effectors of the immune system. Rupturing of the blood vessel is followed by leukocyte release; cytokines like IL-1, IFN-γ, TNF-α and chemokines are also secreted by endothelial cells (ECs) joined together via tight junctions (TJs). Vessel rupture promotes release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), resulting in basement membrane disintegration. The figure has been adapted from [57]

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Molecular Brain

ISSN: 1756-6606