Table 2 The role of the TREM-1 signaling pathway in CNS diseases

Ischemic Stroke

Rat MCAO model/in vitro

ROS, NLRP3

TREM-1 induced microglia activation, oxidative stress and pyroptosis

[84]

Mouse MCAO model/in vitro

SYK

TREM-1 induced inflammation and pyroptosis

[85]

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Mouse

SYK

TREM-1 promoted microglia activation and neutrophil infiltration, induced neuroinflammation

[95]

Rat

TLR4

TREM-1 interacted with the TLR4 pathway to promote EBI

[94]

Rat

p38MAPK/MMP-9, ZO-1

TREM-1 was involved in blood‒brain barrier disruption and brain oedema

[99]

Mouse

NLRP3

TREM-1 induced microglia pyroptosis and neutrophil infiltration, promoted neuroinflammation, and led to neuronal apoptosis and degeneration

[100]

Intracerebral hemorrhage

Mouse

PKCδ/CARD 9

TREM-1 regulated microglia polarization and induced neuroinflammation

[59]

Parkinson’s disease

Zebrafish

MAPK

TREM-1 inhibition improved locomotor impairment, suppressed inflammation

[110]

Rat

MAPK

TREM-1 inhibition inhibited microglia and astrocyte hyperactivation

[110]

In vitro

MAPK

TREM-1 inhibition suppressed inflammation and enhanced autophagy

[110]

Alzheimer’s disease

Mouse

Aβ

TREM-1 promoted microglia phagocytosis of Aβ, alleviated AD neuropathology and improved AD-related spatial cognitive deficits

[54]

Spinal cord injury

Mouse/in vitro

HO-1

TREM-1 promoted microglia activation, induced inflammation and oxidative stress

[127]

Spinal cord ischemia‒reperfusion injury

Mouse/in vitro

SYK

TREM-1 mediated neuronal apoptosis

[128]