Fig. 6

Immunohistochemical distribution of NLGN4 in the human cerebellar cortex, pons and medulla oblongata. A A representative image of the adult cerebellar cortex (case ID: A1). Very weak NLGN4 signals were observed in Purkinje cells (black arrowheads), and moderate NLGN4 signals were observed in some putative Golgi cells in the granule cell layer (black arrows). B A representative image of the neonatal cerebellar cortex (case ID: N6). In contrast to adult cases, moderate NLGN4 signals were observed in Purkinje cells (black arrowheads). C, D Representative images of the adult locus coeruleus (case ID: A7 for C, A4 for D). E A negative control image of a section adjacent to that presented in D as a reference for endogenous pigmentation caused by neuromelanins. F A representative image of the neonatal locus coeruleus (case ID: N3). In both adult and neonatal cases, intense NLGN4 signals were observed in most neurons of the locus coeruleus. G A representative image of the neonatal medulla (case ID: N9). Intense NLGN4 signals were observed in the hypoglossal nucleus (black arrow) and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (white arrow). Conspicuous NLGN4 signals were also observed in the medial accessory olivary nucleus (black arrowheads). H A higher-magnification view of the olivary nucleus in another neonatal brain (case ID: N10). NLGN4 signals were detected at various intensities in neurons of the olivary nucleus, as in pyramidal neurons of the adult cerebral cortex and of the adult hippocampus. Scale bars = 100 µm (A, C–E, H), 50 µm (B, F), 1 mm (G)