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  1. Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a relatively common malignant complication that occurs in newborn infants, but promising therapies remain limited. In this study, we focused on the role of miR-326 and i...

    Authors: Xuan Wang, Han Zhou, Rui Cheng, Xiaoguang Zhou, Xuewen Hou, Jun Chen and Jie Qiu
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:51
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported errors in Figure 4.

    Authors: Yun-Fei Bai, Michelle Chiu, Elizabeth S. Chan, Peter Axerio-Cilies, Jie Lu, Linda Huh, Mary B. Connolly, Ilaria Guella, Matthew J. Farrer, Zhi-Qing David Xu, Lidong Liu, Michelle Demos and Yu Tian Wang
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:50
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in Molecular Brain 2019 12:92

  3. Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays important roles in sensory perception including pain and itch. Neurons in the ACC receive various neuromodulatory inputs from subcortical structures, including locus coeru...

    Authors: Kohei Koga, Akihiro Yamada, Qian Song, Xu-Hui Li, Qi-Yu Chen, Ren-Hao Liu, Jun Ge, Cheng Zhan, Hidemasa Furue, Min Zhuo and Tao Chen
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:49
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Molecular Brain 2020 13:152

  5. Bone cancer pain (BCP) is one of the most common types of chronic cancer pain and its pathogenesis has not been fully understood. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are new promising targets in the field of pain r...

    Authors: Xinran Hou, Yingqi Weng, Qulian Guo, Zhuofeng Ding, Jian Wang, Jiajia Dai, Anqi Wei and Zongbin Song
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:47
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. Aging-related dopaminergic neuronal loss and its motor phenotypes are well known. Excessive loss of dopaminergic neurons leads to Parkinson’s disease (PD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder characteri...

    Authors: Sachiko Noda, Shigeto Sato, Takahiro Fukuda, Norihiro Tada and Nobutaka Hattori
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:46
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  7. Understanding the connecting structure of brain network is the basis to reveal the principle of the brain function and elucidate the mechanism of brain diseases. Trans-synaptic tracing with neurotropic viruses...

    Authors: Kunzhang Lin, Xin Zhong, Min Ying, Lei Li, Sijue Tao, Xutao Zhu, Xiaobin He and Fuqiang Xu
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:45
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  8. A hallmark of classical conditioning is that conditioned stimulus (CS) must be tightly coupled with unconditioned stimulus (US), often requiring temporal overlap between the two, or a short gap of several seco...

    Authors: Fei Li, Chun-Hui Jia, Jun Huang, Guo-Qiang Bi and Pak-Ming Lau
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:44
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  9. Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is one of the most common forms of hereditary cerebral small vessel diseases and is caused by mutations in NOTC...

    Authors: Yumi Yamamoto, Katsutoshi Kojima, Daisuke Taura, Masakatsu Sone, Kazuo Washida, Naohiro Egawa, Takayuki Kondo, Eiko N. Minakawa, Kayoko Tsukita, Takako Enami, Hidekazu Tomimoto, Toshiki Mizuno, Raj N. Kalaria, Nobuya Inagaki, Ryosuke Takahashi, Mariko Harada-Shiba…
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:38
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) signalling contributes to the formation, maturation and plasticity of Central Nervous System (CNS) synapses. Acute exposure of cultured brain circuits to BDNF leads to ...

    Authors: Rossana Rauti, Giada Cellot, Paola D’Andrea, Andrea Colliva, Denis Scaini, Enrico Tongiorgi and Laura Ballerini
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:43
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. Active changes in neuronal DNA methylation and demethylation appear to act as controllers of synaptic scaling and glutamate receptor trafficking in learning and memory formation. DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs)...

    Authors: Qingnuan Kong, Ming Yu, Meng Zhang, Chuang Wei, Huating Gu, Shaoyang Yu, Wei Sun, Nan Li and Yu Zhou
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:42
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  13. Retinal Müller cells are highly polarized macroglial cells with accumulation of the aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel and the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1 at specialized endfoot membrane domains ab...

    Authors: Shirin Katoozi, Shreyas B. Rao, Nadia Skauli, Stanley C. Froehner, Ole Petter Ottersen, Marvin E. Adams and Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:40
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. Information processing and memory formation in the brain relies on release of the main excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate from presynaptic axonal specialisations. The classical Hebbian paradigm of synaptic ...

    Authors: Olga Kopach, Kaiyu Zheng and Dmitri A. Rusakov
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:39
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Molecular Brain 2020 13:48

  15. In the white matter of the human cerebrum, the majority of cortico-cortical fibers are of short range, connecting neighboring cortical areas. U-fibers represent connections between neighboring areas and are lo...

    Authors: Mayuko Yoshino, Kengo Saito, Kanji Kawasaki, Toshihide Horiike, Yohei Shinmyo and Hiroshi Kawasaki
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:37
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. Recent studies demonstrate that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays critical roles in migraine. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization studies have shown that CGRP and its receptors are expres...

    Authors: Yinglu Liu, Qi-Yu Chen, Jung Hyun Lee, Xu-Hui Li, Shengyuan Yu and Min Zhuo
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:36
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. Calstabin2, also named FK506 binding protein 12.6 (FKBP12.6), is a subunit of ryanodine receptor subtype 2 (RyR2) macromolecular complex, an intracellular calcium channel. Studies from our and other’s lab have...

    Authors: Ren-wen Han, Zhi-peng Liu, Hong-ru Lin, Ao-wen Tian, Yun-fei Xiao, Jie Wei, Ke-yu Deng, Bing-xing Pan and Hong-bo Xin
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:35
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of cortical, brain stem and spinal motor neurons that leads to muscle weakness and death. A previous st...

    Authors: Robin N. Stringer, Bohumila Jurkovicova-Tarabova, Sun Huang, Omid Haji-Ghassemi, Romane Idoux, Anna Liashenko, Ivana A. Souza, Yuriy Rzhepetskyy, Lubica Lacinova, Filip Van Petegem, Gerald W. Zamponi, Roger Pamphlett and Norbert Weiss
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:33
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. NMDA receptors are heteromeric complexes that contribute to excitatory synaptic transmission and plasticity. The presence of specific variants of GluN2 subunits in these complexes enables diversity in NMDA rec...

    Authors: Hadir Mahmoud, Newton Martin and Michael E. Hildebrand
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:31
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  21. Amyloid beta is a major constituent of the plaques found in the brains of patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A growing body of research work suggests that neuroinflammation plays important roles...

    Authors: Deepali Singh, Apurva Agrawal, Chitra Mohinder Singh Singal, Hriday Shanker Pandey, Pankaj Seth and Shiv Kumar Sharma
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:30
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. Tsukushi (TSK)—a small, secreted, leucine-rich-repeat proteoglycan—interacts with and regulates essential cellular signaling cascades. However, its functions in the mouse inner ear are unknown. In this study, ...

    Authors: Toru Miwa, Kunimasa Ohta, Naofumi Ito, Satoko Hattori, Tsuyoshi Miyakawa, Toru Takeo, Naomi Nakagata, Wen-Jie Song and Ryosei Minoda
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:29
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. Primary cilia are centriole-derived sensory organelles that are present in most mammalian cells, including astrocytes and neurons. Evidence is emerging that astrocyte and neuronal primary cilia demonstrate a d...

    Authors: Ashley Sterpka, Juan Yang, Matthew Strobel, Yuxin Zhou, Connor Pauplis and Xuanmao Chen
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:28
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. Calcium (Ca2+)-permeable AMPA receptors may, in certain circumstances, contribute to normal synaptic plasticity or to neurodegeneration. AMPA receptors are Ca2+-permeable if they lack the GluA2 subunit or if GluA...

    Authors: Lyndsey M. Konen, Amanda L. Wright, Gordon A. Royle, Gary P. Morris, Benjamin K. Lau, Patrick W. Seow, Raphael Zinn, Luke T. Milham, Christopher W. Vaughan and Bryce Vissel
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:27
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. The astrocyte brain-type fatty acid binding protein (Fabp7) gene expression cycles globally throughout mammalian brain, and is known to regulate sleep in multiple species, including humans. The mechanisms that co...

    Authors: Jason R. Gerstner and Georgios K. Paschos
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:26
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  27. Spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is an adult-onset, slowly progressive motor neuron disease caused by abnormal CAG repeat expansion in the androgen receptor (AR) gene. Although ligand (testosterone)-depen...

    Authors: Kazunari Onodera, Daisuke Shimojo, Yasuharu Ishihara, Masato Yano, Fuyuki Miya, Haruhiko Banno, Naoko Kuzumaki, Takuji Ito, Rina Okada, Bruno de Araújo Herculano, Manabu Ohyama, Mari Yoshida, Tatsuhiko Tsunoda, Masahisa Katsuno, Manabu Doyu, Gen Sobue…
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:18
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are excitatory glutamatergic receptors that are fundamental for many neuronal processes, including synaptic plasticity. NMDARs are comprised of four subunits derived from h...

    Authors: Vishaal Rajani, Ameet S. Sengar and Michael W. Salter
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:23
    Content type: Review Published on:

  29. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) serves as a critical hub for the anxiety and pain perception. The large-conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channels, or BKCa channels, are ubiquitously expressed throughout t...

    Authors: Huan Zhao, Qian Xue, Cong Li, Qingchuan Wang, Shichao Han, Yongsheng Zhou, Tao Yang, Yingli Xie, Hao Fu, Changbo Lu, Fancheng Meng, Ming Zhang, Yan Zhang, Xianglong Wu, Shengxi Wu, Min Zhuo…
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:22
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. Amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition was demonstrated to be elevated in the brains of HIV-infected patients and associated with neurocognitive decline; however, the mechanisms of these processes are poorly understood....

    Authors: Ibolya E. András, Marta Garcia-Contreras, Christopher Yanick, Paola Perez, Brice Sewell, Leonardo Durand and Michal Toborek
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:21
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a crucial receptor in neuroinflammation and apoptotic neuronal death, and increasing evidences indicated that β2-microglobulin (B2M) is thought to be a major contributor to age-r...

    Authors: Qi Zhong, Yufeng Zou, Hongchao Liu, Ting Chen, Feng Zheng, Yifei Huang, Chang Chen and Zongze Zhang
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:20
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. Synaptic proteins play an important role for the regulation of synaptic plasticity. Numerous studies have identified and revealed individual synaptic protein functions using protein overexpression or deletion....

    Authors: Hyoung-Gon Ko, Dong Ik Park, Ji Hyun Lee, Christoph W. Turck and Bong-Kiun Kaang
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:19
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  33. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss and the presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the patients’ brains. In this study, we inv...

    Authors: Hyunju Kim, Bora Kim, Hye-Sun Kim and Joo-Youn Cho
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:17
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. Anxiety disorder is highly prevalent worldwide and represents a chronic and functionally disabling condition, with high levels of psychological stress characterized by cognitive and physiological symptoms. Sco...

    Authors: Li Luo, Ting Sun, Le Yang, An Liu, Qing-qing Liu, Qin-qin Tian, Yan Wang, Ming-gao Zhao and Qi Yang
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:15
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. Nociception is important perception that has harmful influence on daily life of humans. As to main pain management system, some descending pathways are called descending antinociceptive systems (DAS). As main ...

    Authors: Shunpei Moriya, Akira Yamashita, Daiki Masukawa, Yuki Kambe, Junichi Sakaguchi, Honami Setoyama, Akihiro Yamanaka and Tomoyuki Kuwaki
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:14
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. Presynaptic active zone cytomatrix proteins are essential elements of neurotransmitter release machinery that govern neural transmission. Among active zone proteins, cytomatrix at the active zone-associated st...

    Authors: Akari Hagiwara, Shun Hamada, Yamato Hida and Toshihisa Ohtsuka
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:13
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  38. Hippocampal GABAergic interneurons play key roles in regulating principal cell activity and plasticity. Interneurons located in stratum oriens/alveus (O/A INs) receive excitatory inputs from CA1 pyramidal cells a...

    Authors: André Kougioumoutzakis, Joe Guillaume Pelletier, Isabel Laplante, Abdessattar Khlaifia and Jean-Claude Lacaille
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:12
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent post-transcriptional modification of eukaryotic mRNA. It has been reported that there is a stimulus-dependent regulation of m6A in the mammalian central nervous s...

    Authors: Jiangtao Yu, Yuxian Zhang, Haoli Ma, Rong Zeng, Ruining Liu, Pengcheng Wang, Xiaoqing Jin and Yan Zhao
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:11
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. Complex diseases involve dynamic perturbations of pathophysiological processes during disease progression. Transcriptional programs underlying such perturbations are unknown in many diseases. Here, we present ...

    Authors: Taek-Kyun Kim, Inyoul Lee, Ji-Hoon Cho, Brenda Canine, Andrew Keller, Nathan D. Price, Daehee Hwang, George Carlson and Leroy Hood
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:10
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. Abnormal accumulation of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), a DNA/RNA binding protein, is a pathological signature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Missense mutations in the TARDBP gene are also found in...

    Authors: Seiji Watanabe, Kotaro Oiwa, Yuri Murata, Okiru Komine, Akira Sobue, Fumito Endo, Eiki Takahashi and Koji Yamanaka
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:8
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  43. Clustered protocadherins (Pcdhs), a large group of adhesion molecules, are important for axonal projections and dendritic spread, but little is known about how they influence neuronal activity. The Pcdhβ clust...

    Authors: Hirotaka Asai, Noriaki Ohkawa, Yoshito Saitoh, Khaled Ghandour, Emi Murayama, Hirofumi Nishizono, Mina Matsuo, Teruyoshi Hirayama, Ryosuke Kaneko, Shin-ichi Muramatsu, Takeshi Yagi and Kaoru Inokuchi
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:7
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. Neurotropic viral transsynaptic tracing is an increasingly powerful technique for dissecting the structure and function of neural circuits. Herpes simplex virus type 1 strain H129 has been widely used as an an...

    Authors: Peng Su, Min Ying, Zengpeng Han, Jinjin Xia, Sen Jin, Yingli Li, Huadong Wang and Fuqiang Xu
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:5
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  46. While chronic restraint stress (CRS) results in depression-like behaviors possibly through oxidative stress in the brain, its molecular etiology and the development of therapeutic strategies remain elusive. Si...

    Authors: Ji Hyeon Kim, Ahbin Kim, Yejin Yun, Seoyoung Park, Jung Hoon Lee, Yong-Seok Lee and Min Jae Lee
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:4
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  47. The cellular consequences of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor (NMDAR) stimulation depend on the receptors’ subcellular localization. Synaptic NMDARs promote plasticity and survival whereas extrasynaptic NMDARs me...

    Authors: Carlos Bas-Orth, Mirja Koch, David Lau, Bettina Buchthal and Hilmar Bading
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:3
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. ADP ribosylation factors (ARFs) are a family of small GTPases composed of six members (ARF1–6) that control various cellular functions, including membrane trafficking and actin cytoskeletal rearrangement, in e...

    Authors: Hyeonho Kim, Hyeji Jung, Hyunsu Jung, Seok-Kyu Kwon, Jaewon Ko and Ji Won Um
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:2
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. Adult fish produce new cells throughout their central nervous system during the course of their lives and maintain a tremendous capacity to repair damaged neural tissue. Much of the focus on understanding brai...

    Authors: Eleanor C. Bisese, Chandler M. Ciuba, Amelia L. Davidson, Akanksha Kaushik, Sabrina M. Mullen, Jeremy L. Barth, E. Starr Hazard, Robert C. Wilson, Gary Hardiman and David M. Hollis
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:119
    Content type: Micro report Published on:
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