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  1. Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a highly prevalent childhood neuropsychiatric disorder (about 1 %), characterized by multiple motor and one or more vocal tics. The syndrome is commonly associated to comorbid conditi...

    Authors: Renata Rizzo, Marco Ragusa, Cristina Barbagallo, Mariangela Sammito, Mariangela Gulisano, Paola V Calì, Claudio Pappalardo, Martina Barchitta, Mariagrazia Granata, Angelo G Condorelli, Davide Barbagallo, Marina Scalia, Antonella Agodi, Cinzia Di Pietro and Michele Purrello
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:44
  2. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are characterized by synaptic damage and neuronal loss in the brain. Excessive glutamatergic transmission and loss of cholinergic...

    Authors: Tanseli Nesil, Junran Cao, Zhongli Yang, Sulie L. Chang and Ming D. Li
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:43
  3. The density of functional synapses is an important parameter in determining the efficacy of synaptic transmission. However, how functional presynaptic terminal density is regulated under natural physiological ...

    Authors: Hang Zhou and Guosong Liu
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:42

    The Erratum to this article has been published in Molecular Brain 2015 8:45

  4. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the deposition of Beta-Amyloid (Aβ) peptides in the brain. Aβ peptides are generated by cleavage of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) by the β − and γ − secretase...

    Authors: Weihao Tang, Joshua H.K. Tam, Claudia Seah, Justin Chiu, Andrea Tyrer, Sean P. Cregan, Susan O. Meakin and Stephen H. Pasternak
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:41
  5. Lack of physical activity and increased levels of stress contribute to the development of multiple physical and mental disorders. An increasing number of studies relate voluntary exercise with greater resilien...

    Authors: Alejandro Pan-Vazquez, Natasha Rye, Mitra Ameri, Bethan McSparron, Gabriella Smallwood, Jordan Bickerdyke, Alex Rathbone, Federico Dajas-Bailador and Maria Toledo-Rodriguez
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:40
  6. Young neurons in the developing brain establish a polarized morphology for proper migration. The PIWI family of piRNA processing proteins are considered to be restrictively expressed in germline tissues and se...

    Authors: Ping-ping Zhao, Mao-jin Yao, Si-yuan Chang, Lan-tao Gou, Mo-fang Liu, Zi-long Qiu and Xiao-bing Yuan
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:39

    The Erratum to this article has been published in Molecular Brain 2016 9:21

  7. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) activate small GTPases that are involved in several cellular functions. cAMP-guanine nucleotide exchange factor II (cAMP-GEF II) acts as a target for cAMP independent...

    Authors: Kyungmin Lee, Yuki Kobayashi, Hyunhyo Seo, Ji-Hye Kwak, Akira Masuda, Chae-Seok Lim, Hye-Ryeon Lee, SukJae Joshua Kang, Pojeong Park, Su-Eon Sim, Naomi Kogo, Hiroaki Kawasaki, Bong-Kiun Kaang and Shigeyoshi Itohara
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:38
  8. Nr2e1 is a nuclear receptor crucial for neural stem cell proliferation and maintenance. In the retina, lack of Nr2e1 results in premature neurogenesis, aberrant blood vessel formation and dystrophy. However, t...

    Authors: Ximena Corso-Díaz and Elizabeth M. Simpson
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:37
  9. p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) is a serine/threonine kinase known to be activated by the Rho family small GTPases and to play a key role in cytoskeletal reorganization, spine morphology and synaptic plasticity....

    Authors: Xingxiu Pan, Xinxia Chang, Celeste Leung, Zikai Zhou, Feng Cao, Wei Xie and Zhengping Jia
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:36
  10. Increased secretion of oxytocin and arginine vasopressin (AVP) from hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) is a key physiological response to lactation. In the current study, we sought to test ...

    Authors: Seung Won Lee, Young-Beom Kim, Jeong Sook Kim, Woong Bin Kim, Yoon Sik Kim, Hee Chul Han, Christopher S. Colwell, Young-Wuk Cho and Yang In Kim
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:34
  11. Mutation in the UPF3B gene on chromosome X is implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders including X-linked intellectual disability, autism and schizophrenia. The protein UPF3B is involved in the nonsense-mediate...

    Authors: Tahani Alrahbeni, Francesca Sartor, Jihan Anderson, Zosia Miedzybrodzka, Colin McCaig and Berndt Müller
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:33
  12. Rett syndrome (RTT) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in females, caused by de novo mutations in the X-linked methyl CpG-binding protein 2 gene, MECP2. Although abnormal regulation of neur...

    Authors: Tomoko Andoh-Noda, Wado Akamatsu, Kunio Miyake, Takuya Matsumoto, Ryo Yamaguchi, Tsukasa Sanosaka, Yohei Okada, Tetsuro Kobayashi, Manabu Ohyama, Kinichi Nakashima, Hiroshi Kurosawa, Takeo Kubota and Hideyuki Okano
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:31
  13. Patients following prolonged cancer chemotherapy are at high risk of emotional and cognitive deficits. Research indicates that the brain neuronal temporal coding and synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) are c...

    Authors: Li Mu, Jun Wang, Bing Cao, Beth Jelfs, Rosa H. M. Chan, Xiaoxiang Xu, Mahadi Hasan, Xu Zhang and Ying Li
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:32
  14. Neural stem cells (NSCs) hold great potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. However, programmed cell death (PCD) provoked by the harsh conditions evident in the diseased brain greatly underm...

    Authors: Shinwon Ha, Hye Young Ryu, Kyung Min Chung, Seung-Hoon Baek, Eun-Kyoung Kim and Seong-Woon Yu
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:30
  15. Chronic treatment with selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) facilitates adult neurogenesis and reverses the state of maturation in mature granule cells (GCs) in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the ...

    Authors: Yuki Imoto, Toshihiko Kira, Mamiko Sukeno, Naoya Nishitani, Kazuki Nagayasu, Takayuki Nakagawa, Shuji Kaneko, Katsunori Kobayashi and Eri Segi-Nishida
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:29
  16. Retinogenesis is a precisely controlled developmental process during which different types of neurons and glial cells are generated under the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Three transcription f...

    Authors: Kangxin Jin, Haisong Jiang, Dongchang Xiao, Min Zou, Jun Zhu and Mengqing Xiang
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:28
  17. The study of late-onset/age-related Alzheimer’s disease (AD)(sporadic AD, 95% of AD cases) has been hampered by a paucity of animal models. Oxidative stress is considered a causative factor in late onset/age-r...

    Authors: Yohan D’Souza, Ahmed Elharram, Raquel Soon-Shiong, R David Andrew and Brian M Bennett
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:27
  18. The tumor suppressor gene Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is highly expressed in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and plays an important role in development of the central nervous system. As a dual-specificit...

    Authors: Jingwen Lyu, Xiuya Yu, Lingjie He, Tianlin Cheng, Jingjing Zhou, Cheng Cheng, Zhifang Chen, Guoqiang Cheng, Zilong Qiu and Wenhao Zhou
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:26
  19. The high mobility group (HMG) family transcription factor Sox9 is critical for induction and maintenance of neural stem cell pool in the central nervous system (CNS). In the spinal cord and retina, Sox9 is also t...

    Authors: Keng Ioi Vong, Crystal Kit Ying Leung, Richard R Behringer and Kin Ming Kwan
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:25
  20. The metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is involved in various brain functions, including memory, cognition and motor behavior. Regarding locomotor activity, we and others have demonstrated that pharmac...

    Authors: Isabella M Guimaraes, Toniana G Carvalho, Stephen SG Ferguson, Grace S Pereira and Fabiola M Ribeiro
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:24
  21. The innate immune response plays an important role in the pathogenesis of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Recent studies have shown that Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is involved in the innate immune response in...

    Authors: Hyunjung Min, Jinpyo Hong, Ik-Hyun Cho, Yong Ho Jang, Hyunkyoung Lee, Dongwoon Kim, Seong-Woon Yu, Soojin Lee and Sung Joong Lee
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:23
  22. Pavlovian fear conditioning is a form of learning accomplished by associating a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US). While CS–US associations are generally thought to occur in the amyg...

    Authors: Masaru Sato, Mariko Ito, Masashi Nagase, Yae K Sugimura, Yukari Takahashi, Ayako M Watabe and Fusao Kato
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:22
  23. Agonist stimulation of Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) initiates their coupling to the heterotrimeric G protein, Gαq/11, resulting in the activation of phospholipase C, the release of Ca2+ from ...

    Authors: Fitore Raka, Andrea R Di Sebastiano, Stephanie C Kulhawy, Fabiola M Ribeiro, Christina M Godin, Fabiana A Caetano, Stephane Angers and Stephen S G Ferguson
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:21
  24. Our previous finding showed that brain ischemic preconditioning mediates neuroprotection through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced autophagy. This study was aimed at exploring the role of ER chaperone ...

    Authors: Xiang-Yang Zhang, Tong-Tong Zhang, Dan-Dan Song, Jun- Hao Zhou, Rong Han, Zheng-Hong Qin and Rui Sheng
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:20
  25. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects 36 million people worldwide, but currently has no effective treatment options. One of the original hallmarks of AD are plaques ...

    Authors: Alison Hamilton, Gerald W Zamponi and Stephen S G Ferguson
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:18
  26. In most animals, the nervous system consists of the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the latter of which connects the CNS to all parts of the body. Damage and/or malfunctio...

    Authors: Gi Seok Jeong, Joon Young Chang, Ji Soo Park, Seung-A Lee, DoYeun Park, Junsung Woo, Heeyoung An, C Justin Lee and Sang-Hoon Lee
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:17

    The Correction to this article has been published in Molecular Brain 2021 14:93

  27. Systemically administered dexmedetomidine (DEX), a selective α2 adrenergic receptor (α2-AR) agonists, produces analgesia and sedation. Peripherally restricted α2-AR antagonist could block the analgesic effect ...

    Authors: Xi-Yao Gu, Ben-Long Liu, Kai-Kai Zang, Liu Yang, Hua Xu, Hai-Li Pan, Zhi-Qi Zhao and Yu-Qiu Zhang
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:15
  28. Social-stress mouse model, based on the resident-intruder paradigm was used to simulate features of human post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The model involved exposure of an intruder (subject) mouse to a ...

    Authors: Seid Muhie, Aarti Gautam, James Meyerhoff, Nabarun Chakraborty, Rasha Hammamieh and Marti Jett
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:14
  29. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels help control the rhythmic activation of pacemaker neurons during brain development. However, little is known about the timing and cell type sp...

    Authors: Hyunhyo Seo, Myoung-Jin Seol and Kyungmin Lee
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:13
  30. Viral vectors are frequently used to deliver and direct expression of transgenes in a spatially and temporally restricted manner within the nervous system of numerous model organisms. Despite the common use of...

    Authors: Roopashri Holehonnur, Srihari K Lella, Anthony Ho, Jonathan A Luong and Jonathan E Ploski
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:12
  31. Our previous study found that suppression of TRPM7 reduced neuronal death in adult rat ischemic brain injury. It was reported that carvacrol blocked TRPM7 and attenuated brain injury in an adult rat MCAO model...

    Authors: Wenliang Chen, Baofeng Xu, Aijiao Xiao, Ling Liu, Xiaoyan Fang, Rui Liu, Ekaterina Turlova, Andrew Barszczyk, Xiao Zhong, Christopher L F Sun, Luiz R G Britto, Zhong-Ping Feng and Hong-Shuo Sun
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:11
  32. Synaptogenesis is a critical neurodevelopmental process whereby pre- and postsynaptic neurons form apposed sites of contact specialized for chemical neurotransmission. Many neurodevelopmental disorders are tho...

    Authors: Joshua A Harrill, Hao Chen, Karin M Streifel, Dongren Yang, William R Mundy and Pamela J Lein
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:10
  33. The antioxidant properties of alpha-lipoic acid (aLA) correlate with its ability to promote neuroproliferation. However, there have been no comprehensive studies examining the neurorestorative effects of aLA a...

    Authors: Kang-Ho Choi, Man-Seok Park, Hyung-Seok Kim, Kyung-Tae Kim, Hyeon-Sik Kim, Joon-Tae Kim, Byeong-Chae Kim, Myeong-Kyu Kim, Jong-Tae Park and Ki-Hyun Cho
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:9
  34. Protein kinase C (PKC) regulates a variety of neural functions, including neurotransmitter release. Although various PKC isoforms can be expressed at the synaptic sites and specific cell distribution may contr...

    Authors: Teresa Obis, Núria Besalduch, Erica Hurtado, Laura Nadal, Manel M Santafe, Neus Garcia, Marta Tomàs, Mercedes Priego, Maria A Lanuza and Josep Tomàs
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:8
  35. Activation of G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) in astrocytes leads to Ca2+-dependent glutamate release via Bestrophin 1 (Best1) channel. Whether receptor-mediated glutamate release from astrocytes can regulate s...

    Authors: Hyungju Park, Kyung-Seok Han, Jinsoo Seo, Jaekwang Lee, Shashank M Dravid, Junsung Woo, Heejung Chun, Sukhee Cho, Jin Young Bae, Heeyoung An, Woohyun Koh, Bo-Eun Yoon, Rolando Berlinguer-Palmini, Guido Mannaioni, Stephen F Traynelis, Yong Chul Bae…
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:7

    The Correction to this article has been published in Molecular Brain 2021 14:103

  36. In Alzheimer’s disease synapse loss precedes neuronal loss and correlates best with impaired memory formation. However, the mechanisms underlying synaptic degeneration in Alzheimer’s disease are not well known...

    Authors: Sachin S Tiwari, Marie d’Orange, Claire Troakes, Badrun N Shurovi, Olivia Engmann, Wendy Noble, Tibor Hortobágyi and Karl P Giese
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:6
  37. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective motor neuron degeneration in motor cortex, brainstem and spinal cord. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding...

    Authors: Stefania Marcuzzo, Silvia Bonanno, Dimos Kapetis, Claudia Barzago, Paola Cavalcante, Sara D’Alessandro, Renato Mantegazza and Pia Bernasconi
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:5
  38. Homeostatic intrinsic plasticity encompasses the mechanisms by which neurons stabilize their excitability in response to prolonged and destabilizing changes in global activity. However, the milieu of molecular...

    Authors: Kwan Young Lee, Sara E Royston, Max O Vest, Daniel J Ley, Seungbae Lee, Eric C Bolton and Hee Jung Chung
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:4
  39. Identifying a neural circuit mechanism that is differentially involved in tremor would aid in the diagnosis and cure of such cases. Here, we demonstrate that tremor-related cortical potential (TRCP) is differe...

    Authors: Young-Gyun Park, Jee Hyun Choi, Chungki Lee, Sehyun Kim, Youngsoo Kim, Ki-Young Chang, Sun Ha Paek and Daesoo Kim
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:3
  40. Long intervening non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) are a recently discovered subclass of non-coding RNAs. LincRNAs are expressed across the mammalian genome and contribute to the pervasive transcription phenomenon. T...

    Authors: James D Mills, Tomas Kavanagh, Woojin S Kim, Bei Jun Chen, Paul D Waters, Glenda M Halliday and Michael Janitz
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:2
  41. Regulation of synaptic connectivity, including long-term depression (LTD), allows proper tuning of cellular signalling processes within brain circuitry. In the cerebellum, a key centre for motor coordination, ...

    Authors: Mirthe Erkens, Keiko Tanaka-Yamamoto, Guy Cheron, Javier Márquez-Ruiz, Cynthia Prigogine, Jan TG Schepens, Nael Nadif Kasri, George J Augustine and Wiljan JAJ Hendriks
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:1
  42. Regulation of cell death during neurodegeneration is one of the key factors that play a role in the speed at which a disease progresses. Out of several cellular pathways responsible for this progression, necro...

    Authors: Emilie Imbeault, Tara M Mahvelati, Ralf Braun, Pavel Gris and Denis Gris
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2014 7:90
  43. Synapses are fundamental components of brain circuits and are disrupted in over 100 neurological and psychiatric diseases. The synapse proteome is physically organized into multiprotein complexes and polygenic...

    Authors: Àlex Bayés, Mark O Collins, Clare M Galtrey, Clémence Simonnet, Marcia Roy, Mike DR Croning, Gemma Gou, Louie N van de Lagemaat, David Milward, Ian R Whittle, Colin Smith, Jyoti S Choudhary and Seth GN Grant
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2014 7:88
  44. Bilirubin encephalopathy (BE) is a severe neurologic sequelae induced by hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. However, the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the clinical syndromes of BE remain ambiguous. Ex vivo1H nu...

    Authors: Wenyi Hu, Xiaojie Cheng, Xinjian Ye, Liangcai Zhao, Yanan Huang, Huanle Zhu, Zhihan Yan, Xuebao Wang, Xiaojie Wang, Guanghui Bai and Hongchang Gao
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2014 7:87
  45. As the primary immune cells of the central nervous system, microglia contribute to development, homeostasis, and plasticity of the central nervous system, in addition to their well characterized roles in the f...

    Authors: Matthew A Churchward and Kathryn G Todd
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2014 7:85

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