Fig. 3

Histology revealed proliferative characteristics of the 1231A3-NSPCs both in intact brains and injured spinal cords. a Schematic of the in vivo transplantation protocol that was used. b Representative tissue sections of the spinal cord (upper row, 12 weeks after transplant) and brain (lower row, 26 weeks after transplant) after the transplantation of each cell line. Immunohistochemistry results for STEM121 and DAB, which were positive in the cytoplasm of the transplanted human cells. (Scale = 500 μm.) (c, d) The mean graft volume percentages in the injured spinal cord (c) and brain (d) sections are shown. Although the volumes were generally smaller in the brains compared with the injured spinal cords, the 1231A3 EB-NSPCs showed significantly greater proliferation levels in both the spinal cord and brain, and the 1231A3 NR-NSPCs also formed large tissues. Values are means ± SEM. *P < 0.05 (c: n = 4, 4, 4, 6, 3, 3. d n = 2, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6)