Fig. 2

Behavioral data from open field test, elevated plus maze test, dark-light exploration test, rota-rod test and olfactory habituation/dis-habituation test. a–d Data of Open field test. Average velocity (a), total distance traveled (b), distance traveled in the central zone (c) and time spent in the central zone (d). e, f Data of elevated plus maze test. Time spent in the open arms (e) and number of entries into open arms (f). g, h Data of dark-light exploration test. Time spent in the light box (g) and number of entries into the light box (h). i Latency to fall off the apparatus in the accelerating Rota-rod test. Data were obtained from two trials per day during 5 consecutive days. All groups improved motor performance over days and no significant group effect was detected. j Time spent sniffing a sequential presentation of nonsocial odors (water, orange) and social odors (urine) in the olfactory habituation/dishabituation test. All groups showed significant habituation and dishabituation to non-social and social odors. Data from (a–h) were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and no significant differences were detected across groups. Data from (i, j) were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. 6 M (males) and 6 F (females) in Normal; 5 M and 8 F in Sham; 6 M and 7 F in ION group (a–d). 5 M and 7 F in Normal; 6 M and 6 F in Normal; 5 M and 7 F in ION group (e–h). 5 M and 7 F in Normal; 6 M and 6 F in Sham; 7 M and 5 F in ION group for (i). 5 M and 6 F in Normal; 6 M and 6 F in Sham; 5 M and 6 F in ION group for (j)