Fig. 5
From: The neurotoxicity of amyloid β-protein oligomers is reversible in a primary neuron model
Schema illustrating a possible mechanism by which neurotoxic effects of Aβ-O are reversed by its removal. Aβ-O possibly acts on the cell surface of neurons to transmit aberrant signals, resulting in various abnormal cellular responses, including caspase-3 activation, eIF2α activation, tau phosphorylation and cleavage, and abnormal subcellular localization of β-catenin and a reduction in its levels (upper schema, O). Caspase activation is likely responsible for tau cleavage. The alterations of β-catenin may be associated with disorganization of synapses. Upon Aβ-O removal, the aberrant signals subside, resulting in reversal of all abnormal responses (lower schema, O-R)