Fig. 3
Ginsenoside F1 rescues pCREB and up-regulates BDNF expression level in APP/PS1 mice (a–d) Western blot showing expression levels of pCREB, CREB, and BDNF in the hippocampus. a Representative Western blot. b pCREB expression in WT mice (WT, n = 5), APP/PS1 mice with vehicle administration (AD-Vehicle, n = 5), and APP/PS1 mice with F1 administration (AD-F1, n = 5) (one-way ANOVA, F(2,12) = 7.623, P < 0.01; Tukey post hoc confirmed statistical significance between WT group and AD-Vehicle group, P < 0.01; AD-Vehicle group and AD-F1 group, P < 0.05). c CREB expression levels (WT, n = 3; AD-Vehicle, n = 3; AD-F1, n = 3) (one-way ANOVA, F(2,6) = 4.613, P = 0.0612). d BDNF expression levels (WT, n = 3; AD-Vehicle, n = 3; AD-F1, n = 3) (one-way ANOVA, F(2,6) = 0.4877, P = 0.6364). e–h Western blot showing expression levels of pCREB, CREB, and BDNF in the cortex. e Representative Western blot. f pCREB expression levels (WT, n = 3; AD-Vehicle, n = 3; AD-F1, n = 3) (one-way ANOVA, F(2,6) = 1.416, P = 0.3136). g CREB expression levels (WT, n = 3; AD-Vehicle, n = 3; AD-F1, n = 3) (one-way ANOVA, F(2,6) = 1.273, P = 0.3448). h BDNF expression levels (WT, n = 3; AD-Vehicle, n = 3; AD-F1, n = 3) (one-way ANOVA, F(2,6) = 7.331, P < 0.05; Tukey post hoc confirmed statistical significance between WT group and AD-F1 group, P < 0.05). The y-axis indicates normalized protein levels relative to the GAPDH control. n values indicate the number of mice. Data are mean ± s.e.m. *P < 0.05. **P < 0.01. Full-length blots are presented in additional files (See Additional file 1 and Additional file 2)