Fig. 3
From: Dysregulation of neuron differentiation in an autistic savant with exceptional memory
Hypertrophic neural somas with enlarged spines and reduced spine density in UiPSC-derived neurons of the autistic savant on day 42. a Sample confocal images of dendrites of UiPSC-derived neurons. Scale bar, 10 μm/20 μm/2 μm. b Hand-drawn diagram. The microstructure of a neuron, its classification, and the calculated formula of dendritic spines are presented. In addition, a sample image displays four types of spines, namely a filopodia-like spine (F), long-thin spine (T), stubby spine (S), and mushroom spine (M). Scale bar, 2 μm. c-f Quantification of neuronal morphological analyses. Values are presented as the mean ± SEM. N ≥ 3 cultures. ANOVA test and unpaired Student’s t test. “**” indicates 0.01 > P > 0.001. “***” indicates 0.001 > P > 0.0001. “****” indicates P < 0.0001. c Reduced average spine density in UiPSC-derived neurons of the autistic savant. d Enlarged average spine area in UiPSC-derived neurons of the autistic savant. e Increased average soma size in UiPSC-derived neurons of the autistic savant. f Increased average spine length in UiPSC-derived neurons of the autistic savant. Significant within-group differences were also observed. P2 was longer when compared with P1 and P3. In the control group neurons, C2 was longer when compared with C1