Fig. 1

Regionalization of human iPSC-derived NPCs. a Overview of the culture protocol. Patterning factors (IWR1e, CHIR99021, and RA) were added during NPC induction. b Expression of regional markers in the neural tube in vivo. c qRT-PCR analysis of iPSC-derived NPCs to detect regional marker expression (n = 3–6 independent experiments; mean ± SD; ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01; n.s., not significant; Student’s t test). d Immunocytochemical analysis of iPSC-derived NPCs to detect regional markers. Scale bar, 50 μm. e Immunocytochemical analysis of NPC-derived neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Scale bar, 50 μm. f Quantification of the number of NPC-derived neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes (n = 3 independent experiments; mean ± SD; n.d., not detected). iPSC-derived NPCs preferentially differentiated into neurons rather than astrocytes or oligodendrocytes