Fig. 1

Motor function assessment of three PD mice models. a Diagram showing the experimental schedule and three PD mice models in this study. b Motor performance of MPTP-treated and 6-OHDA-treated mice were significantly decreased compared with saline-treated mice in the Rotarod test. c A severe grip strength deficit was observed in MPTP-treated mice group. d MPTP-treated and 6-OHDA-treated mice showed reduced movement distance in the open field test. e–g Homecage behavior test showed that MPTP-treated mice exhibited activity time (e), hanging time (f) were reduced in all three models, and MPTP-treated and 6-OHDA-treated mice showed reduced standing time (g) (n = 12 in WT and A53T groups, n = 13 in saline and MPTP groups, n = 12 in saline and 6-OHDA groups), **p < 0.01