Fig. 1
Spatio-temporal profiling of tonic GABA in SCN. a Differential interference contrast (DIC) image of freshly isolated mouse brain with glass pipette whole-cell patch clamped to a neuron. 3V; third ventricle, SCN; Suprachiasmatic nucleus, OX; Optic chiasm. Scale bar: 100 \(\mu\)m b Representative trace of tonic GABA current recording in a SCN neuron and list of information we gathered c Summary bar graphs of tonic current analyzed by period categories. Bar graphs are shown as mean and error of 0.95 confidence intervals. d Summary bar graphs of dorsal and ventral tonic current (left), sIPSC Frequency (middle), sIPSC Amplitude (right). Bar graphs are shown as mean and error of 0.95 confidence intervals. e Pearson’s correlation analysis of tonic current with sIPSC amplitude, sIPSC frequency, mediolateral relative distance, ventrodorsal relative distance, sliced time, patched time, slice-to-patch time interval and membrane capacitance. f Tonic current scatter plot on patched time grouped by tonic current size: “Small” (blue), “Medium” (gray), “Large” (red). Dashed lines indicate decision boundaries for three groups. Dark shaded area, ZT 12–24. g Logistic regression analysis with “Large” and “Small” group with sIPSC frqeuncy and slice-to-patch time interval. A line divided by blue and red areas represent decision boundary with accuracy of 89.8%. h Tonic current scatter plot on 2D virtual SCN map, colors and size indicates group and size of tonic current respectively. i Histogram and gaussian kernel density estimation(KDE) on radius axis from SCN center. SCN center is calculated by 2d centroid of virtual SCN area. Core and shell was divided at the peak of KDE. j Probability of occurrence of each group in dorsal or ventral (left) and core or shell (right). k Summary bar graph of topologically divided groups of tonic current. l, m Scatter polar charts of tonic current groups. 0\(^\circ\), 90\(^\circ\), 180\(^\circ\) and 270\(^\circ\) respectively indicates lateral, dorsal, medial and ventral directions. Group “Small” (\(0\le {I}<5\) pA, (l) n = 34); Group “Medium” (\(5\le {I}<15\) pA, n = 22) (m), “Large” (\(I>15\) pA, n = 15) (n) o, Probability of occurrence and cosine fitting in 8 different radial divisions: Group “Small”, regression coefficient r\(^2\)=0.80, phase shift \(\theta\) = 319.2\(^\circ\) (top); Group “Medium”, regression coefficient r\(^2\) = 0.58, phase shift \(\theta\)=166.7\(^\circ\) (middle); Group “Large”, regression coefficient r\(^2\) = 0.51, phase shift \(\theta\) = 93.8\(^\circ\) (bottom).