Fig. 2

CSD produce periorbital mechanical allodynia, increased facial grooming, freezing and light-aversion behaviors. For all panels, the mean ± SEM is shown, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. A Schematic diagrams of experiments and behavior tests. B Periorbital mechanical thresholds in the CSD group (n = 14) showed a significant reduction at 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h, gradually decreasing to a valley at 3 h and returning to baseline at 24 h compared with the control group (n = 14) (p = 0.0043, p = 0.0088, p = 0.0027, p = 0.0008 respectively, one-way repeated ANOVA). C Compared with the control group (n = 8), the time of facial grooming of the CSD group (n = 8) were significantly longer (p = 0.0228, t-test). D Compared with the control group (n = 8), the time of freezing behaviors of the CSD group (n = 8) were significantly longer (p = 0.0024, t-test). E There was no significant difference in travel distance in the central area between the two groups. F Schematic traces of open field tests. G–I There was no difference in the time spent, travel distance and entries of open arms between the CSD group (n = 8) and the control group (n = 6). J Schematic traces of elevated plus-maze tests. K The overall distance of CSD group (n = 31) was significantly less than that of control group (n = 27) (p < 0.001, t-test). L The mice in CSD group travelled less than those in control group (p = 0.036, p = 0.001, and p < 0.001 respectively, one-way repeated ANOVA). M The percentage distance in light box of CSD group (n = 31) was significantly less than that of control group (n = 27) (p = 0.0246, t-test). N The mice in CSD group traveled less in light box at 5, 10 and 15 min interval (p = 0.015, p = 0.0099, and p = 0.048 respectively, one-way repeated ANOVA). O The rest time in dark box of CSD group (n = 31) was significantly more than that of control group (n = 27) (p < 0.001, t-test). P CSD group spent significantly more time resting in the dark box compared with control group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.003 and p = 0.025 respectively, one-way repeated ANOVA). Q Schematic traces of light-aversion tests